Polypyridines
Polypyridines are multidentate ligands with characteristic properties. The Polypyridines and complexes of Polypyridines are stable to heat, light and electricity. Among many regiomeric Polypyridines, 2,2’-bipyridines derivatives and 2,2’; 6,2”-terpyridine derivatives have become an ever-expanding synthetic and structural frontier because 2,2’-bipyridine metal complexes, 2,2’; 6,2’-terpyridine metal complexes and mixed bipyridine-terpyridine metal complexes have special redox properties suitable for photochemical applications. Polypyridines are one of the ideal candidates for dye-sensitized solar cells, converting solar energy to electricity. Polypyridines have also been utilized for catalytic process and in asymmetric catalysis. Considering the versatility of Polypyridines, Sapala has developed methods for multigram scale synthesis of bipyridines and terpyridines. Sapala also continues its efforts to make new derivatives of Polypyridines and also working on purification of polypyridine metal complexes for establishing a reliable and economic process of purification. The high purity of polypyridine metal complexes is essential for efficient conversion of solar energy to electricitiy.
- 4,4’-Dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine
- 2,2’-bipyridine-4,4’-dicarboxylic acid
- 4,4’-di-Bromomethyl-2,2’-bipyridine
- 4,4’-di-hydroxymethyl-2,2’-bipyridine
- 2,2’;6, 2”-terpyridine
- 4-bromo-terpyridine
- 4-hydroxy-terpyridine
- 4-chloro-terpyridine
- Terpyridine-4-boronic acid pinacol ester
The halogen and boronate substituted polypyridine could be used as precursor for Suzuki coupling to make extended conjugation. Other Polypyridines and their metal complexes can be made in pure forms upon request.
The following are the representative examples of Polypyridines.
![4,4'-Dimethyl-[2,2']bipyridine pyridines dihydropyridines](Bipyridines/4,4'-Dimethyl-[2,2']bipyridine.gif)
![4,4'-Diethyl-[2,2']bipyridine metabolism of pyridines](Bipyridines/4,4'-Diethyl-[2,2']bipyridine.gif)
![4,4'-Dinonyl [2,2']bipyridine pharmacokinetics of pyridines](Bipyridines/4,4'-Dinonyl [2,2']bipyridine.gif)





-2,2'-bipyridine.gif)
diphosphonate.gif)
-4,4'-Distyryl-2,2'-bipyridine.gif)
![[2,2';6',2'']Terpyridine Terpyridine is a polypyridine compound](Terpyridines/2,2';6',2''-Terpyridine.gif)
![[2,2';6',2'']Terpyridin-4'-ol pyridine molecules](Terpyridines/2,2';6',2''-Terpyridin-4'-ol.gif)
![4'-Chloro-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine asymmetric catalysis](Terpyridines/4'-Chloro-2,2';6',2''-terpyridine.gif)
![4'-Bromo-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine tridentate ligands](Terpyridines/4'-Bromo-2,2';6',2''-terpyridine.gif)
!['-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine bipyridine-terpyridine metal complexes](Terpyridines/4'-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine.gif)
![4'-Thiomethyl-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine analytical services which include COSY, NOE, and other 2D experiments-HMQC, HSQC and HETCORE](Terpyridines/4'-Thiomethyl-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine.gif)
![4,4',4''-Triethyl-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine contact research organization - cro](Terpyridines/4,4',4''-Triethyl-[2,2';6',2'']terpyridine.gif)

-2,2'6',2''-terpyridine.gif)
-2,2'6',2''-terpyridine.gif)
 triphosphonate.gif)